last | 1 last | 2 last | 3 last | 4 last | 5 last | 6 last | 7 last | 8 last | 9 last | 10 last | 11 last | 12 last | 13 last | 14 last | 15 last | 16 last | 17 last | 18 last | 19 last | 20 last | 21 last | 22 last | 23 last | 24 last | 25 last | 26 last | 27 last | 28 last | 29 last | 30 last | 31 last | 32 last | 33 last | 34 last | 35 last | 36 last | 37 last | 38 last | 39 last | 40 last | 41 last | 42 last | 43 last | 44 last | 45 last | 46 last | 47 last | 48 last | 49 last | 50 last | 51 last | 52 last | 53 last | 54 last | 55 last | 56 last | 57 last | 58 last | 59 last | 60 last | 61 last | 62 last | 63 last | 64 last | 65 last | 66 last | 67 last | 68 last | 69 last | 70 last | 71 last | 72 last | 73 last | 74 last | 75 last | 76 last | 77 last | 78 last | 79 last | 80 last | 81 last | 82 last | 83 last | 84 last | 85 last | 86 last | 87 last | 88 last | 89 last | 90 last | 91 last | 92 last | 93 last | 94 last | 95 last | 96 last | 97 last | 98 last | 99 last | 100 last |
pipe | 6.1000631 pipe | 12.2001262 pipe | 18.3001893 pipe | 24.4002525 pipe | 30.5003156 pipe | 36.6003787 pipe | 42.7004418 pipe | 48.8005049 pipe | 54.9005680 pipe | 61.0006311 pipe | 67.1006943 pipe | 73.2007574 pipe | 79.3008205 pipe | 85.4008836 pipe | 91.5009467 pipe | 97.6010098 pipe | 103.7010729 pipe | 109.8011360 pipe | 115.9011992 pipe | 122.0012623 pipe | 128.1013254 pipe | 134.2013885 pipe | 140.3014516 pipe | 146.4015147 pipe | 152.5015778 pipe | 158.6016410 pipe | 164.7017041 pipe | 170.8017672 pipe | 176.9018303 pipe | 183.0018934 pipe | 189.1019565 pipe | 195.2020196 pipe | 201.3020828 pipe | 207.4021459 pipe | 213.5022090 pipe | 219.6022721 pipe | 225.7023352 pipe | 231.8023983 pipe | 237.9024614 pipe | 244.0025245 pipe | 250.1025877 pipe | 256.2026508 pipe | 262.3027139 pipe | 268.4027770 pipe | 274.5028401 pipe | 280.6029032 pipe | 286.7029663 pipe | 292.8030295 pipe | 298.9030926 pipe | 305.0031557 pipe | 311.1032188 pipe | 317.2032819 pipe | 323.3033450 pipe | 329.4034081 pipe | 335.5034713 pipe | 341.6035344 pipe | 347.7035975 pipe | 353.8036606 pipe | 359.9037237 pipe | 366.0037868 pipe | 372.1038499 pipe | 378.2039130 pipe | 384.3039762 pipe | 390.4040393 pipe | 396.5041024 pipe | 402.6041655 pipe | 408.7042286 pipe | 414.8042917 pipe | 420.9043548 pipe | 427.0044180 pipe | 433.1044811 pipe | 439.2045442 pipe | 445.3046073 pipe | 451.4046704 pipe | 457.5047335 pipe | 463.6047966 pipe | 469.7048598 pipe | 475.8049229 pipe | 481.9049860 pipe | 488.0050491 pipe | 494.1051122 pipe | 500.2051753 pipe | 506.3052384 pipe | 512.4053015 pipe | 518.5053647 pipe | 524.6054278 pipe | 530.7054909 pipe | 536.8055540 pipe | 542.9056171 pipe | 549.0056802 pipe | 555.1057433 pipe | 561.2058065 pipe | 567.3058696 pipe | 573.4059327 pipe | 579.5059958 pipe | 585.6060589 pipe | 591.7061220 pipe | 597.8061851 pipe | 603.9062483 pipe | 610.0063114 pipe |
The English last could also be understood as the volume occupied by the other lasts. In some sources, the last is equated with 640 gallons. The beer last was 12 barrels, the cod last and some herring lasts were also 12 barrels, and the pitch last was 12 or 14 barrels.
Name of unit | Symbol | Definition | Relation to SI units | Unit System |
---|---|---|---|---|
last | ≡ 80 bu (imp) | = 2.9094976 m3 | Other |
lasts | pipes | lasts | pipes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | = 6.1000631136755 | 6 | = 36.600378682053 |
2 | = 12.200126227351 | 7 | = 42.700441795728 |
3 | = 18.300189341026 | 8 | = 48.800504909404 |
4 | = 24.400252454702 | 9 | = 54.900568023079 |
5 | = 30.500315568377 | 10 | = 61.000631136755 |
The pipe was a measure of liquid volume equalling two hogsheads. This equated to 108 imperial gallons (490 l) for ale or 126 imperial gallons (570 l) for wine (also known as a butt).
Name of unit | Symbol | Definition | Relation to SI units | Unit System |
---|---|---|---|---|
pipe | ≡ 126 gal (wine) | = 0.476961884784 m3 | Imperial/US |
pipes | lasts | pipes | lasts |
---|---|---|---|
1 | = 0.16393273009883 | 6 | = 0.98359638059299 |
2 | = 0.32786546019766 | 7 | = 1.1475291106918 |
3 | = 0.4917981902965 | 8 | = 1.3114618407907 |
4 | = 0.65573092039533 | 9 | = 1.4753945708895 |
5 | = 0.81966365049416 | 10 | = 1.6393273009883 |
lasts | pipes |
---|---|
1 | = 6.1000631 |
0.1639327 | = 1 |
Symbol | Definition |
---|---|
≡ | exactly equal |
≈ | approximately equal to |
= | equal to |
digits | indicates that digits repeat infinitely (e.g. 8.294 369 corresponds to 8.294 369 369 369 369 …) |